METHODOLOGYThe science underneath

An LCA you can defend — not a black box.

Every emission factor named. Every source traced. PromoTrace cites public, peer-reviewed datasets by name — Idemat 2024 (TU Delft), worldstainless 2025, GLEC Framework v3, IEA grid intensity, WRAP end-of-life data — never “our proprietary database”. The methodology is versioned like software; every PDF carries the revision stamp; every historical calculation stays locked to the revision it was run under.

01Approach

ISO 14044-aligned, cradle-to-gate plus end-of-life.

PromoTrace's calculation engine implements the four phases of ISO 14044 life-cycle assessment: goal & scope, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation. For promotional products specifically, "cradle-to-gate" means from raw material extraction through to the finished, decorated, packaged unit leaving the producer. We then add transport to the destination region and an end-of-life stage based on regional disposal mixes.

We don't claim ISO 14067 product-level verification — that requires an accredited third-party audit per SKU, which doesn't scale to the long-tail catalog of promotional product distributors. What we do offer is a defensible, reproducible screening LCA you can stand behind in a tender response.

Outputs are deterministic. Given the same inputs and the same methodology revision, the calculator returns the same number every time. The audit trail is per-row.

At a glance

StandardISO 14044 (LCA)
ScopeCradle-to-gate + EOL
Stages6
Emission factors2,800+
Transport lanes494
Origin countries22
Destinations21
Current revisionv1.2.0
Released2026-05-13
02Why this matters now

The regulations are cascading down — from brand to supplier to distributor.

Scope 3 carbon disclosure is moving from voluntary to mandatory. Brand-side procurement teams are pushing the questionnaires down to their promotional-product suppliers. The ones with defensible data win the brief. The ones with “eco-friendly” claims and no number behind them lose it.

EU · phased 2024–2028

CSRD Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive

Large EU companies must report Scope 3 emissions — including the carbon footprint of every promotional gift they order. Suppliers without per-product data make their brand client’s report harder to file. The questionnaire lands on your desk in Q1; you answer in days, not weeks.

France · live 2026

AGEC Loi anti-gaspillage pour une économie circulaire

Environmental claims on products sold in France must be substantiated with verifiable lifecycle data. “Eco-friendly” without a CO₂e number is no longer enough — and the fines are real. Any UK distributor exporting to a French client is in scope.

EU · phased 2026–2030

PPWR Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation

Packaging carbon intensity becomes part of the procurement decision — including the box, polybag, and mailer around your promotional gifts. PromoTrace splits packaging out as a dedicated lifecycle stage on every PDF, ready for the supplier questionnaire.

UK live · EU CBAM 2026

UK Plastic Tax + EU CBAM Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism

£200/tonne tax on UK packaging with <30% recycled content (already live). EU CBAM phases in 2026 and adds border-carbon costs on imports — including the FOB shipping leg of your CHN→GBR tote run. Distributors who can quote the carbon-adjusted cost win procurement.

03The six stages

Every lifecycle stage, mapped — shown even when zero.

The calculator walks all six stages on every product. Zero-impact stages render at low opacity so reviewers see they were considered.

STAGE / 01

Materials

Raw material EF (per kg) × mass per unit, weighted by country-of-origin grid mix where the input matters (steels, plastics).

Source · Idemat 2024
STAGE / 02

Production

Energy consumption per process × grid carbon intensity of the production country. Includes injection moulding, weaving, sewing, etc.

Source · Idemat + IEA 2024
STAGE / 03

Packaging

Per-unit mass × material EF for the packaging system (polybag, kraft, corrugated, mailer). Default per product family, overridable.

Source · Idemat 2024
STAGE / 04

Transport

Tonne-kilometres on the resolved origin-destination lane × mode-specific EF. Sea / air / road, auto-selected per lane.

Source · GLEC Framework v3
STAGE / 05

Decoration

Per-cm² coverage × technique-specific EF (screen, pad, UV, laser engrave, embroidery). Includes ink and thermal cure energy.

Source · Idemat decoration processes
STAGE / 06

End-of-life

Regional disposal mix (recycle / incineration / landfill) × EOL EF per material. Defaults to destination-region averages.

Source · WRAP + EU JRC
04Public sources

No proprietary factors. Every input traceable.

We don't sell access to a secret database. The full library of factors and the sources behind them are open to inspection.

Stage Source Application
Materials Idemat 2024 (TU Delft) + manufacturer EPDs Cradle-to-gate factors per material × mass, country-of-origin grid mix
Stainless steel worldstainless 2025 Sector-specific factors per grade (304, 316L, etc.)
Aluminium International Aluminium Institute 2023 Primary vs recycled mix, country-of-origin grid mix
Production Idemat 2024 + ecoinvent-aligned process data Energy use per process × grid carbon intensity
Decoration Decoration-specific Idemat factors + ink + thermal-cure data Per-cm² coverage × technique × thermal cycles
Packaging Idemat 2024 (corrugated, polybag, kraft, mailer) Per-unit mass × material EF, end-of-life by region
Transport GLEC Framework v3 Tonne-km × mode-specific EF (sea, air, road)
Electricity IEA 2024 grid carbon intensity by country Used wherever energy is involved (production, decoration)
End-of-life WRAP EoL 2023 + EU Joint Research Centre data Region-specific recycling / incineration / landfill mix
05Sustainability Hub methodology

Beyond product carbon — company-level sustainability, same rigour.

The Sustainability Hub uses a parallel methodology stack to track year-round operational data — energy, water, waste, suppliers, policies, targets. Same standards corporate sustainability reviewers expect, same versioning discipline as the LCA side.

Scope 1 + 2 emissions

DEFRA 2024 + IEA 2024 country grids

Scope 1 (natural gas, diesel, petrol, LPG, biomass, fugitive refrigerants) uses the latest DEFRA Government GHG Conversion Factors 2024. Scope 2 electricity uses IEA 2024 country grid intensity across 37 ISO-3 country codes — from France 0.057 (nuclear) to South Africa 0.860 (coal). Renewable share (REGOs / RECs / PPAs) reduces emissions linearly under the GHG Protocol market-based method.

Refrigerants · F-gases

IPCC AR5 GWP100 conversion

Fugitive emissions from cooling systems and heat pumps are converted to CO₂e using IPCC AR5 GWP100 factors — R-410A (2 088), R-32 (675), R-134a (1 430), R-744 / CO₂ (1), R-717 / ammonia (0). Per-leakage-event entry, with refrigerant type attribution on the supplier register.

Reporting framework alignment

GHG Protocol + ISO 14064-1

The Hub’s reporting boundary follows ISO 14064-1 (Specification with guidance at the organisation level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals) and the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard for Scope 1 / 2 / 3 categorisation. Output maps cleanly onto common sustainability ratings and scope-3 disclosure formats.

Per-row revisions · immutable history

Every save snapshotted forever

Every Hub row (year data, supplier, policy, action, target, training event, verification record) is snapshotted on save with the full input set, the auto-calculated outputs, the methodology revision in effect, the actor, IP and user-agent. Historical numbers are immutable. When v1.3.0 ships, you choose which rows recompute — preview shows old vs new before commit.

DEFRA 2024 IEA 2024 IPCC AR5 GHG Protocol ISO 14064-1 Idemat 2024 GLEC v3
06Revision history

Methodology shipped like software.

Each release is dated, the changes summarised, and your historical calculations stay locked to the revision they were calculated under. Recompute selectively when an auditor asks.

v1.2.0 2026-06-06 Current

Multi-country Scope 2 grid factors — 37 IEA 2024 country codes for the Sustainability Hub (replaced single UK-only constant). Renewable share still applies under GHG Protocol market-based method.

v1.1.0 2026-05-21 Archived

Bio-based materials added (PLA, Bio-PP, PHA-PHB, PBS, PBAT). Sustainability Hub Module A: company operations methodology stack (DEFRA 2024 + IPCC AR5 GWP100).

v1.0.3 2026-05-13 Archived

Updated stainless EF to worldstainless 2025; added Idemat 2024 RPET grades.

v1.0.2 2026-04-01 Archived

Refined GLEC v3 road-freight EF for intra-EU lanes; corrected USA-domestic distances.

v1.0.1 2026-03-15 Archived

Initial public release after beta. Locked schema for emission-factor library.

07Honest limits

What this methodology is not.

Screening LCA at this granularity is appropriate for sustainability reporting, client conversations, and procurement decisions. It is not a substitute for the items listed opposite.

We say this on the methodology page so it never comes as a surprise during a tender process — and so you can use PromoTrace's outputs honestly with your own clients.

ISO 14067 product-level verification

Requires an accredited third-party audit per SKU. PromoTrace does not provide this.

Manufacturer-specific EPDs

If your supplier publishes a product-specific Environmental Product Declaration, that EPD overrides our screening estimate.

Scope 1 + 2 operational reporting

This is your own operations (offices, vehicles, energy). PromoTrace covers Scope 3 category 1 (purchased goods) only.

Custom inputs we don't have data for

Niche materials, unusual decoration techniques, or supplier-specific processes return a clear "data gap" flag — we don't invent factors.

Read the full methodology inside the app

Open the methodology document.